Pogroms which occurred in Kishinev during Passover 1903, in the wake of the wild agitation propagated by the antisemitic local newspaper Bessarabets, edited by P. Krushevan. This pogrom was accompanied by savage murders (45 dead and hundreds of wounded) and mutilations of the wounded and dead. About 1,500 Jewish houses and shops were looted. In a pogrom which broke out in Gomel in September 1903, the self-defense group played a prominent part in saving Jewish lives and property. In the fall of 1904, a series of pogroms was perpetrated in Smela, Rovno, Aleksandriya and other places by army recruits about to be sent to the war against Japan and by the local rabble. [ENCYCLOPAEDIA JUDAICA, Second Edition, Volume 16]
The first pogrom is often considered to be the 1821 anti-Jewish riots in Odessa (modern Ukraine) after the death of the Greek Orthodox patriarch in Istanbul, in which 14 Jews were killed.[16] Other sources, such as the Jewish Encyclopedia, indicate that the first pogrom was the 1859 riots in Odessa. [From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia]
according to S. Dubnow in the book: "History of the Jews in Russia and Poland", Philadelphia, 1920 T3 p. 334.
Chronology of pogroms in Russia and Poland:
- 1637 In the Ukraina under Pavluk, Cossack leader
- 1648 under Khmelnittzki, Cossack leader
- 1768 by Haidamacks
- 1881, April at Yelisavetgrad, Kiev
- 1881, May at Odessa
- 1881, December at Warshaw
- 1883, May at Rostov
- 1883, July at Yelisavetgrad,
- 1884 at Nizhni – Novgorod
- 1891 at Starodub (Chernigov)
- 1903, April at Kishinev
- 1903, August at Gomel
- 1904, October at Moghilev
- 1904, October at Vitebsk
- 1905, June at Bialystok
- 1905, at Odessa
This is only partial list from the book: "History of the Jews in Russia and Poland" S. Dubnov mentioned that in many cases police assisted pogroms. Black hundred with help of Tzar and police organized some.
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